Prison governors are responsible for the security of prisons and remand centres. They are responsible for the overall security management of the prisons and they conduct regular inspections, oversee disciplinary procedures, manage prison budgets, oversee inmate welfare, etc. They also train new prison officers, and oversee admission and release procedures. The prisons are of various sizes and depending on the size of the prison, there can be more than one prison governor for a prison and in different hierarchy levels.

Depending on the size and importance of the prison, the responsibilities can vary. From category A prisoners to category D prisoners, the prisons are of different types and the exact duties are variable. They are also in charge of young offenders' institutions. Prison governors also would liaison with medical professionals or social workers, for the benefit and welfare of the inmates.